Cover cropping is a promising sustainable agricultural method with the potential to enhance soil health and mitigate consequences of soil degradation. Because cover cropping can form an agroecosystem distinct from that of bare fallow, the soil microbiome is hypothesized to respond to the altered environmental circumstances. Overall, there is a critical lack of global perspective on cover cropping effects on the soil microbiome. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to fill this gap of knowledge in cover cropping research.