Most agricultural soils are depleted of their soil organic matter (SOM) reserves. A severe loss of SOM content may degrade soil functionality, its capacity for provisioning of essential ecosystem services, and soil health. SOM is a critical indicator of soil health, and its content affects crop yield through its role in enhancing and sustaining soil quality. Therefore, the objective of this article is to deliberate the impacts of SOM content on crop yield under diverse climate, soil, land use, and management systems.